<p>In this publication we introduce a linked data powered application which assists users to find so-called Stolpersteine, stones commemorating Jewish victims of the second world war. We show the feasibility of a dedicated location based service as an app using linked data resources and evaluate this approach against local data sources gathered by communities to find out if the current linked data environment can equally and/or sufficiently support an application in this knowledge domain.</p><div class="grid-container citation-footer "><strong>How to cite: </strong> Homburg, T., Böhm, K., Bruhn, N., and Hubrich, G.: Evaluating linked data location based services using the example of Stolpersteine, Adv. Cartogr. GIScience Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 2, 7, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-2-7-2019, 2019.</div>

<p>This poster has been presented during the conference Der Fachaustausch Geoinformation (http://www.fachaustausch-geoinformation.de/) organized by GeoNet.MRN to exhibit the semantic geographic information system developed in the context of SemGIS project. The poster shows the approaches used to integrate heterogeneous data sets from different sources. These data sets can then, be enriched through resources from the Semantic Web. An example of such enrichment is presented from an integrated XErleben data. Finally, it illustrates the functionalities of the system to query and visualize data, but also the downlift of selected data according to different standardized formats.</p>

<p>Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die a priori Abschätzung erreichbarer Genauigkeiten der Bündelblockausgleichung. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe des EMVA1288 Standards. Durch numerische Simulationen wird hierzu zunächst die Zentrumsunsicherheit der Zielmarken mit der daraus folgenden Objektraum-Unsicherheit verknüpft. Der nächste Schritt ist eine Verknüpfung der EMVA1288-Kennzahlen und der daraus resultierenden Unsicherheit eines Grauwertes mit Algorithmen zur Ellipsendetektion. Abschließend wird ein stochastisches Modell vorgeschlagen und an einer real durchgeführten Kamerakalibrierung untersucht.</p>

<p>This position paper highlights current problems linked to the aspects of the multi-agency collaboration during disaster response. The coordination and cooperation depend on the information sharing and use which must face up to interoperability, access rights, and quality problems. The research project aims at providing an assessment of information impact on the disaster response in order to support the decisionmaking about what information shared or what quality of data used to improve the response efficiency. Our research approach propose to combine an information system able to integrate heterogeneous data and a simulation system to assess different strategies of information sharing, dissemination and use. A knowledge base is used as a bridge between information system and simulation system. This knowledge base allows for designing dynamically a simulation according to open data and for managing the own knowledge and information known by each agent.</p>

<p>Photogrammetrie ermöglicht es, Objekte mithilfe von Digitalbildern zu vermessen. Bei optimalen Messbedingungen sind Qualitätsunterschiede der abgeleiteten Maße vor allem auf die mathematische Modellierung des verwendeten Sensors und des Objektivs zurückzuführen. Photogrammetrische Kalibrierungen erfolgen meist mittels Bündelblockausgleichung. Diese gestattet es, vielerlei statistische Kennzahlen abzuleiten. Eine tiefer gehende Analyse der berechneten Parameter, Standardabweichungen, Korrelationen und deren Verteilungen kann Aufschluss darüber geben, ob das verwendete Kalibriermodell Schwächen aufweist. Solche Defizite können sich durch systematische Restfehler im Bild- oder Objektraum äußern. Da solche Restfehler auch zu Ungenauigkeiten in den daraus abgeleiteten Informationen führen können, ist deren mathematischer Nachweis und anschließende Kompensation zur Erzielung höchster Genauigkeiten unausweichlich. Neueste Ansätze nutzen Korrekturterme, um Residuensystematiken schon während der Bündelblockausgleichung zu modellieren. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, wie auch Machine-Learning-<br />Techniken dabei helfen können, verbliebene systematische Abweichungen in Bildresiduen nachzuweisen, ohne dass hierzu ein Eingriff in die Bündelblockausgleichung notwendig ist. Dies wird im ersten Schritt anhand von Beispieldaten erläutert. Im zweiten Schritt wird die Wirkung dieser Vorgehensweise an einer realen Kamerakalibrierung verdeutlicht. Abschließend erfolgt eine Diskussion der im Zuge dieser Arbeit erzielten Resultate und möglicher Eignung dieses Verfahrens in der Praxis.</p>

<p><span style="color: rgb(73, 72, 72); font-family: Roboto, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">Experts&rsquo; knowledge about optical technologies for spatial and spectral recording is logically structured and stored in an ontology-based knowledge representation with the aim to provide objective recommendations for recording strategies. Besides operational functionalities and technical parameters such as measurement principles, instruments, and setups further factors such as the targeted application, data, physical characteristics of the object, and external influences are considered creating a holistic view on spectral and spatial recording strategies. Through this approach impacting factors on the technologies and generated data are identified. Semantic technologies allow to flexibly store this knowledge in a hierarchical class structure with dependencies, interrelations and description logic statements. Through an inference system the knowledge can be retrieved adapted to individual needs.</span></p>

<p>This paper addresses the factors that conditioned the choices in lithic resource procurement for tool making at the Late Aurignacian site of Stratzing-Galgenberg (Austria), based on the lithic assemblage from the main area of the site. The raw materials used in the analysed assemblage are varied and partly relate to various local and non-local proveniences. The importance of non-local flint in the assemblage contradicts the distance decay model according to which the amount of a given raw material decreases with the increasing distance from its source. Drawing on the approach developed recently by Lucy Wilson, we examine the predictive ability of &ldquo;source attractiveness&rdquo; with respect to terrain difficulty and energy expenditure to understand why some sources were used more than others, using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Our results indicate that terrain difficulty and mobility costs matter and have a better predictive ability than Euclidean distance alone to explain assemblage variability in the Aurignacian of the Middle Danube region.</p>

<p><span>Im Jahresbericht werden die Aktivitäten des i3mainz in komprimierter Form vorgestellt.</span></p>

<p><span class="foldable-text" data-reactid="122" id="yui_3_14_1_1_1505396336545_1222">For several years, many researchers tried to semantically integrate geospatial datasets into the semantic web. Although, there are many general means of integrating interconnected relational datasets (e.g. R2RML), importing schema-less relational geospatial data remains a major challenge in the semantic web community. In our project SemGIS we face significant importation challenges of schema-less geodatasets, in various data formats without relations to the semantic web. We therefore developed an automatic process of semantification for aforementioned data using among others the geometry of spatial objects. We combine Natural Language processing with geographic and semantic tools in order to extract semantic information of spatial data into a local ontology linked to existing semantic web resources. For our experiments, we used LinkedGeoData and Geonames ontologies to link semantic spatial information and compared links with DBpedia and Wikidata for other types of information. The aim of our experiments presented in this paper, is to examine the feasibility and limits of an automated integration of spatial data into a semantic knowledge base and to assess its correctness according to different open datasets. Other ways to link these open datasets have been applied and we used the different results for evaluating our automatic approach.</span></p>

<p><span>Im Jahresbericht werden die Aktivitäten des i3mainz in komprimierter Form vorgestellt.</span></p>

<p>Cultural Heritage (CH) visualisations have to be understood as a combination of research sources, the contemporary historical and cultural context (Zeitgeist), project background and work process. All available information is collected, consolidated, filtered and assembled into a coherent picture. In case of digital 3D reconstructed models, the result is a digital data set that can be processed for different application fields. They are understood as a result of a complex creative process and as a synthesis of a CH research project, its CH context, the available research source material, and the modeling process itself. For all visualisation types in CH different conditions, factors, and basic rules apply to achieve a high quality result. Two examples are presented illustrating the structured view on visualisation projects as such. This paper seeks to differentiate the various research sources being the basis for digital 3D reconstructed models and defines work phases allowing a quality assessment. Furthermore, the potentials of including this structured view into the ontology COSCHKR currently under development is discussed. In combindation with traditional guidelines COSCHKR platform could open up new and flexible approaches.</p>

<p>The workshop and milling complex in Terrace House 2 comprises seven mills and one stone-sawing machine. Each were powered by a waterwheel. Based on the different features, it is possible to identify three building phases. The first comprised at least two mills powered by two independent waterwheels. The second had at least one mill. In the third phase five waterwheels drove four mills and one stone-sawing machine. In addition, it is possible to distinguish between two different types of waterwheel constructions.</p>

<p>Ontologies have traditionally been used to represent knowledge of a specific domain. They are also used to provide a base to infer the knowledge present inside them. However, the applications of ontologies within the Cultural Heritage (CH) community have been restricted to providing standard documentation for significant heritage objects. E.g., widely used ontology within CH disciplines, International Committee for Documentation Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM) is designed to provide standards in documenting archival information of physical CH object. There has been hardly any work relating the objects to their documentation purposes. In this paper, we present the Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage Knowledge Representation (= COSCHKR) ontology &ndash; a multi-faceted ontology. With COSCHKR, we present a system that infers inter-woven descriptive semantics of different involved CH disciplines in recording CH objects to recommend optimal spatial and spectral technical solutions to humanities experts and guide through the underlying complexities while recording their objects. It takes numbers of facts into consideration including physical characteristics of the CH objects, the characteristics of their surroundings and even other relevant facts such as budget or staff competence to infer against the characteristics of the technologies for a proper recommendation. In contrast to a typical Recommender System, which does the same for web-based content through stochastic methods, we use descriptive semantics at the concept level.</p>

<p>From autumn 2010 to spring 2013 the German Archaeological Institute and the Swiss Institute for Architectural and Archaeological Research on Ancient Egypt continued the investigation of the city and temples of Elephantine (Aswan). The preliminary report presents the results of some of the projects conducted during this period.<br />As part of the ongoing rehabilitation work at the museum buildings located on the island of Elephantine, excavations were conducted near the northeastern limit of the ancient town. Among the earliest remains found in the area is a well preserved section of the city wall of the late 2nd dynasty. Outside the perimeter of this wall Nile sediments dating to the Old Kingdom were identified, as well as settlement remains of the 6th to 12th dynasties. Several pottery kilns of the early Middle Kingdom were discovered here. A later city wall appears to have been constructed during the reign of Senwosret III and it seems to have existed until the early New Kingdom.<br />The documentation and study of the relief blocks originating from the Khnum temple of the New Kingdom was continued. Many of the blocks can be attributed to the temple house, the courtyard and the first pylon built by Thutmosis III, as well as to the festival courtyard which was added by Amenophis II. Some of the blocks appear to originate from other, so far unknown buildings of the temple complex, including a cult building of Thutmosis I and II, a barque station of Hatshepsut and a construction of Thutmosis IV.<br />The aim of another project has been the investigation of workshop areas of the Late Antique Period. During the excavation of a house dating to the 5th&ndash;9th centuries AD, evidence for the baking of bread, the keeping of animals and the production of granodiorite bowls has been found. Nearby an oven used for smelting non-ferrous metal was identified. Fragments of melting pots, casting molds and slag provide information on the production process.</p>

<p>Shared thesauri of concepts are increasingly used in the process of data modelling and annotating resources in the Semantic Web. This growing family of linked data resources follows a top-down principle. In contrast, the Labeling System follows a bottom-up approach, enabling scientists working in the digital humanities to manage, create and publish their own controlled vocabularies in SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System). The created concepts can then be interlinked with well-known LOD (Linked Open Data) resources, a process named the &lsquo;Labeling Approach&rsquo;. The Labeling System is domain independent, while uniting perspectives of different scientific disciplines on the same label and therefore contributing to interdisciplinary collaboration for building up cross and inter-domain linked data communities. This paper addresses principles of the Labeling System in the light of archaeological use cases.</p>