i3mainz

Publikationen

2020

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Optische Schwingungsmessung: Status, Integration, Pros und Contras

2020

K. Zschiesche, L. Rau, M. Schlüter

GeoMonitoring 2020

<div>Am Beispiel einer Eisenbahn-Stahlbrücke erarbeiten wir prototypisch die relevanten Einzelschritte von der mobilen Erfassung kontrollierter Schwingungsdaten bis zur Integration in die Bauwerksdatenmodellierung (BIM). Dieser Aufsatz umfasst einen Abriss bestehender Systeme zur Schwingungsbeobachtung an gealterten Bestandsbauwerken und geht dabei besonders auf die Vor- und Nachteile der optischen Schwingungsmessung ein. Es zeigt sich, dass die optische Schwingungsmessung hierbei eine wirtschaftliche Ergänzung zu bestehenden Systemen darstellt. Näher beschrieben wird das Erfassen von Schwingungen mittels modularer Digitalkameratachymetrie. Präzisionstachymeter können mit Digitalkameras am Okular kombiniert werden. Diese Erweiterung in Verbindung mit der digitalen Bildverarbeitung ermöglicht die automatische Detektion von Zielen und somit auch die berührungslose Erfassung von Schwingungen. Es ist nicht erforderlich das Ziel mit dem Fadenkreuz konkret anzuvisieren. Unzugängliche Objekte, wie z.B. Brückenbauwerke, Fabrikschlote oder Türme für Windenergieanlagen, können ohne Signalisierung durch die modulare Digitalkameratachymetrie hochfrequent durch die Messung natürlicher Ziele diskret, optisch und ad hoc erfasst werden. Es ist kein Eingriff am Objekt notwendig.</div>

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Künstliche Intelligenz als Strategie in der Ingenieurgeodäsie – erste Schritte im Bahnumfeld

2020

Bastian Plaß, Kira Zschiesche, Tamer Altinbas, Daniel Karla, Linda Rau, M. Schlüter

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zfv – Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement

<div class="field-item odd">Für die Arbeiten im Gleisbereich ist ein System zur Erfassung von Zugfahrten unverzichtbar. Künstliche Intelligenz kann einen Teil dazu beitragen. Im Folgenden wird ein erster Ansatz, basierend auf Deep Learning Technologie, vorgestellt, welcher auf Grundlage von Bilddaten automatisch Züge detektiert und so zu mehr Sicherheit im Gleisbereich beitragen kann. Darüber hinaus ist eine Softwarelösung entwickelt worden, welche den umfangreichen und bisher arbeitsintensiven Datenvorbereitungsaufwand signifikant reduziert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden das Potenzial und die flexible Einsetzbarkeit von Künstlicher Intelligenz im ingenieurgeodätischen Kontext aufgezeigt.</div>A system for recording train rides for work in the track area is crucial. The usage of Artificial Intelligence contributes to this. In the following article a first approach based on Deep Learning is presented, that automatically detects trains on the base of image data and can lead to more safety in the track area. In addition, a software has been developed that reduces the extensive and work-intensive data preparation effort significantly. This article presents the potential and the flexible deployment of Artificial Intelligence in the engineering geodetic domain.

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Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines kompakten Multisensorsystems für den Einsatz auf Drohnen

2020

Denise Becker, Simon Stemmler, Alexander Reiterer

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Ingenieurvermessung 20, Beiträge zum 19. Internationalen Ingenieurvermessungskurs München, 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) stellen sich als sehr flexible und praxistaugliche Geräte auch für die Vermessung dar. Der Großteil der Systeme wird derzeit mit handelsüblichen Kameras betrieben – daraus abgeleitete Orthophotos oder Punktwolken werden vielfach für die Planung und Dokumentation verschiedener Anwendungen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Der Nachteil, der sich daraus ergibt, liegt zum einen in der sehr aufwendigen Berechnung von 3D-Punktwolken aus hochauflösenden Kamerabildern, zum anderen aber auch in der Unfähigkeit, Vegetation zu durchdringen und damit ein Geländemodell mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit zu erzeugen. Ebenfalls schwierig ist das Durchdringen von halbdurchlässigen Medien (z. B. Wasser). Abhilfe schaffen Multisensorsysteme, welche neben Kameras auch entsprechende Abstandsmodule integriert haben und somit aus mehreren Datenströmen einen Mehrwert generieren können. Die Integration unterschiedlicher Sensoren inkl. der notwendigen Verortung bringt aber auch einige Herausforderungen mit sich, u. a. eine komplexe und aufwendige Kalibration.Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM in Freiburg hat ein leichtgewichtiges und kompaktes Multisensorsystem entwickelt, welches aus folgenden Teilen besteht: schnelles laserbasiertes Abstandsmessmodul, zwei Farbkameras, inertiale Messeinheit (Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU) und Positionierungssystem (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS). Alle mechanischen Komponenten und das Gehäuse wurden soweit gewichtsoptimiert ausgeführt, dass ein Gesamtgewicht von knapp über 2 kg realisiert werden konnte. Die maximale Messdistanz des auf dem Pulslaufzeitverfahren basierenden Abstandsmessmoduls liegt bei 300 m (bei einer idealen Reflektivität der Oberfläche von 100 %). Die Präzision der Einzelpunktmessung (3 σ) liegt bei 15 mm.Durch Integration von zwei RGB-Kameras kann nicht nur die erfasste Punktwolke entsprechend texturiert werden, sondern auch hochaufgelöste Orthophotos gerechnet werden. Durch diese zwei Datenströme (Punktwolke und Bilder) gelingt eine vollautomatisierte Auswertung der Daten mit Hilfe des maschinellen Lernens schnell und zuverlässig.Der wissenschaftliche Beitrag wird zum einen die Entwicklungsschritte des Systems im Detail präsentieren, dann aber auch konkrete Ergebnisse aus der Anwendung vorstellen und eine Charakterisierung (Evaluierung) der Systemkomponenten darlegen.

2019

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Professor Jim Chandler

2019

Lane, Stuart, Buckley, Simon, Mills, Jon, Rieke-Zapp, Dirk, Wackrow, Rene, Granshaw, Stuart

The Photogrammetric Record

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i3mainz - Jahresbericht 2018

2019

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Jahrebericht 2018

Im Jahresbericht werden die Projekte und Aktivitäten des i3mainz in komprimierter Form vorgestellt.

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Evaluating linked data location based services using the example of Stolpersteine

2019

Timo Homburg, Klaus Böhm, Nicole Bruhn, Gregor Hubrich

15th International Conference on Location Based Services (LBS 2019) 11–13 November 2019, Vienna, Austria G. Gartner and H. Huang

In this publication we introduce a linked data powered application which assists users to find so-called Stolpersteine, stones commemorating Jewish victims of the second world war. We show the feasibility of a dedicated location based service as an app using linked data resources and evaluate this approach against local data sources gathered by communities to find out if the current linked data environment can equally and/or sufficiently support an application in this knowledge domain.<div class="grid-container citation-footer ">How to cite: Homburg, T., Böhm, K., Bruhn, N., and Hubrich, G.: Evaluating linked data location based services using the example of Stolpersteine, Adv. Cartogr. GIScience Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 2, 7, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-2-7-2019, 2019.</div>

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Berührungslose Positionsbestimmung von spiegelnden Kugeln mit Methoden des maschinellen Sehens

2019

Martin Schlüter, Philipp Atorf, Arno Heildelberg, Kira Zschiesche

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zfv - Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Langmanagement

Die Raumstrecken zwischen den Mittelpunkten spiegelnder Kugeln werden mit einem theodolitbasierten Industriemesssystem hochgenau bestimmt. Dabei werden die Theodolitokulare durch je eine Adapteroptik samt Industriekamera ersetzt. So kommt ein ausschließlich auf Methoden des Machine Vision aufbauender, automatisierter Workflow zum Einsatz, bei dem die Zielpunktdefinition und die einzelnen Theodolitzielungen erfolgreich voneinander entkoppelt werden, ähnlich wie bei der automatischen Zielpunkterkennung von geodätischen Tachymetern auf Vermessungsreflektoren.The spatial distances between the centers of reflecting spheres are precisely determined using a theodolite-based industrial measuring system. The theodolite eyepieces are each replaced by an adapter optic including an industrial camera. For the first time, an automated workflow based exclusively on Machine Vision methods is used, in which the target definition and the individual theodolite targetings are successfully decoupled from each other, similar to the automatic target recognition of geodetic tachymeters towards survey reflectors.

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Automatic Detection of Objects in 3D Point Clouds Based on Exclusively Semantic Guided Processes

2019

Ponciano, Jean-Jacques, Trémeau, Alain, Boochs, Frank

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ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

In the domain of computer vision, object recognition aims at detecting and classifying objects in data sets. Model-driven approaches are typically constrained through their focus on either a specific type of data, a context (indoor, outdoor) or a set of objects. Machine learning-based approaches are more flexible but also constrained as they need annotated data sets to train the learning process. That leads to problems when this data is not available through the specialty of the application field, like archaeology, for example. In order to overcome such constraints, we present a fully semantic-guided approach. The role of semantics is to express all relevant knowledge of the representation of the objects inside the data sets and of the algorithms which address this representation. In addition, the approach contains a learning stage since it adapts the processing according to the diversity of the objects and data characteristics. The semantic is expressed via an ontological model and uses standard web technology like SPARQL queries, providing great flexibility. The ontological model describes the object, the data and the algorithms. It allows the selection and execution of algorithms adapted to the data and objects dynamically. Similarly, processing results are dynamically classified and allow for enriching the ontological model using SPARQL construct queries. The semantic formulated through SPARQL also acts as a bridge between the knowledge contained within the ontological model and the processing branch, which executes algorithms. It provides the capability to adapt the sequence of algorithms to an individual state of the processing chain and makes the solution robust and flexible. The comparison of this approach with others on the same use case shows the efficiency and improvement this approach brings.

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Connected Semantic Concepts as a Base for Optimal Recording and Computer-Based Modelling of Cultural Heritage Objects

2019

Jean-Jacques Ponciano, Ashish Karmacharya, Stefanie Wefers, Philipp Atorf, Frank BOOCHS

Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions

3D and spectral digital recording of cultural heritage monuments is a common activity for their documentation, preservation, conservation management, and reconstruction. Recent developments in 3D and spectral technologies have provided enough flexibility in selecting one technology over another, depending on the data content and quality demands of the data application. Each technology has its own pros/cons, suited perfectly to some situations and not to others. They are mostly unknown to humanities experts, besides having a limited understanding of the data requirements demanded by the research question. These are often left to technical experts who again have a limited understanding of cultural heritage requirements. A common point of view has to be achieved through interdisciplinary discussions. Such agreements need to be documented for their future references and re-uses. We present a method based on semantic concepts that not only documents the semantic essence of such discussions, but also uses it to infer a guidance mechanism that recommends technologies/technical process to generate the required data based on individual needs. Experts' knowledge is represented explicitly through a knowledge representation that allows machines to manage and infer recommendations. First, descriptive semantics guide end users to select the optimal technology/technologies for recording data. Second, structured knowledge controls the processing chain extracting and classifying objects contained in the acquired data. Circumstantial situations during object recording and the behaviour of the technologies in that situation are taken into account. We will explain the approach as such and give results from tests at a CH object.

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Identification and classification of objects in 3D point clouds based on a semantic concept

2019

Ponciano, Jean-Jacques, Boochs, Frank, Trémeau, Alain

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Modélisation sémantique et logique pour une simulation multi-agent dans le contexte de gestion de catastrophe

2019

Claire Prudhomme, Christophe Cruz, Frank BOOCHS

Spatial Analysis and Geomatics (SAGEO) 2019

Disaster management requires both individual and collaborative preparedness among the various stakeholders. Collaborative exercises aim to train stakeholders to apply the plans prepared and to identify potential problems and areas for improvement. As these exercises are costly, computer simulation is an interesting tool to evaluate preparation through a wider variety of contexts. However, research on simulation and disaster management focuses on a particular problem rather than on the overall assessment of the plans prepared. This limitation is explained by the challenge of creating a simulation model that can represent and adapt to a wide variety of plans from various disciplines. The work presented in this paper addresses this challenge by adapting the simulation model based on disaster management information and plans integrated into a knowledge base. The simulation model created is then automatically programmed to perform simulation experiments to improve action plans. The results of the experiments are analyzed in order to generate new knowledge and know-how to enrich disaster management plans in a virtuous cycle. This paper presents a proof of concept on the French national Novi plan, for which simulation experiments have made it possible to know the impact of the distribution of doctors on the application of the plan as well as to identify their distribution.

2018

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i3mainz - Jahresbericht 2017

2018

F Boochs, Nicole Bruhn

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n.A.

Im Jahresbericht werden die Aktivitäten des i3mainz in komprimierter Form vorgestellt.

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Semantische Geoinformationssysteme: Integration heterogener Geodaten am Beispiel XErleben

2018

Timo Homburg, Claire Prudhomme, Frank BOOCHS

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n.A.

This poster has been presented during the conference Der Fachaustausch Geoinformation (http://www.fachaustausch-geoinformation.de/) organized by GeoNet.MRN to exhibit the semantic geographic information system developed in the context of SemGIS project. The poster shows the approaches used to integrate heterogeneous data sets from different sources. These data sets can then, be enriched through resources from the Semantic Web. An example of such enrichment is presented from an integrated XErleben data. Finally, it illustrates the functionalities of the system to query and visualize data, but also the downlift of selected data according to different standardized formats.

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LIGHT FIELD CAMERA AS TOOL FOR FORENSIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY.

2018

Sieberth, T, Wackrow, R, Hofer, V, Barrera, V

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences

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Semantische Geoinformationssysteme: Integration und Management von heterogener Geodaten

2018

Timo Homburg, Claire Prudhomme, Frank BOOCHS

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2017

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Towards the design of respond action in disaster management using knowledge modeling

2017

Claire Prudhomme, Roxin, Ana, Cruz, Christophe, F Boochs

The Fourth International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries (ISCRAM-med 2017)

This position paper highlights current problems linked to the aspects of the multi-agency collaboration during disaster response. The coordination and cooperation depend on the information sharing and use which must face up to interoperability, access rights, and quality problems. The research project aims at providing an assessment of information impact on the disaster response in order to support the decisionmaking about what information shared or what quality of data used to improve the response efficiency. Our research approach propose to combine an information system able to integrate heterogeneous data and a simulation system to assess different strategies of information sharing, dissemination and use. A knowledge base is used as a bridge between information system and simulation system. This knowledge base allows for designing dynamically a simulation according to open data and for managing the own knowledge and information known by each agent.

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Integration, quality assurance and usage of geospatial data with semantic tools

2017

Timo Homburg, Claire Prudhomme, F Boochs, Ana Roxin, Christophe Cruz

gis.Science

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Analyse von Bildresiduen mit Machine-Learning im Rahmen von Kamera-Kalibrierungen

2017

Waldemar Kisser, F Boochs, Dietrich PAULUS

n.A.

Photogrammetrie ermöglicht es, Objekte mithilfe von Digitalbildern zu vermessen. Bei optimalen Messbedingungen sind Qualitätsunterschiede der abgeleiteten Maße vor allem auf die mathematische Modellierung des verwendeten Sensors und des Objektivs zurückzuführen. Photogrammetrische Kalibrierungen erfolgen meist mittels Bündelblockausgleichung. Diese gestattet es, vielerlei statistische Kennzahlen abzuleiten. Eine tiefer gehende Analyse der berechneten Parameter, Standardabweichungen, Korrelationen und deren Verteilungen kann Aufschluss darüber geben, ob das verwendete Kalibriermodell Schwächen aufweist. Solche Defizite können sich durch systematische Restfehler im Bild- oder Objektraum äußern. Da solche Restfehler auch zu Ungenauigkeiten in den daraus abgeleiteten Informationen führen können, ist deren mathematischer Nachweis und anschließende Kompensation zur Erzielung höchster Genauigkeiten unausweichlich. Neueste Ansätze nutzen Korrekturterme, um Residuensystematiken schon während der Bündelblockausgleichung zu modellieren. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, wie auch Machine-Learning- Techniken dabei helfen können, verbliebene systematische Abweichungen in Bildresiduen nachzuweisen, ohne dass hierzu ein Eingriff in die Bündelblockausgleichung notwendig ist. Dies wird im ersten Schritt anhand von Beispieldaten erläutert. Im zweiten Schritt wird die Wirkung dieser Vorgehensweise an einer realen Kamerakalibrierung verdeutlicht. Abschließend erfolgt eine Diskussion der im Zuge dieser Arbeit erzielten Resultate und möglicher Eignung dieses Verfahrens in der Praxis.

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A Framework to Improve the Disaster Response Through a Knowledge-Based Multi-Agent System

2017

Prudhomme, Claire, Cruz, Christophe, Roxin, Ana, Boochs, Frank

International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (IJISCRAM)

The disaster response still faces problems of collaboration due to lack of policies concerning the information exchange during the response. Moreover, plans are prepared to respond to a disaster, but drills to apply them are limited and do not allow to determine their efficiency and conflicts with other organizations. This paper presents a framework allowing for different organizations involving in the disaster response to assess their collaboration through its simulation using an explicit representation of their knowledge. This framework is based on a multi-agent system composed of three generic agent models to represent the organizational structure of disaster response. The decision-making about response actions is done through task decomposition and repartition. It is based reasoning on ontologies which provides an explicit trace of the response plans design and their execution. Such framework aims at identifying cooperation problems and testing strategies of information exchange to support the preparation of disaster response.

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Ontology-based Knowledge Representation for Recommendation of Optimal Recording Strategies - Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning as Examples.

2017

S Wefers, A Karmacharya, F Boochs

gis.Science

Experts’ knowledge about optical technologies for spatial and spectral recording is logically structured and stored in an ontology-based knowledge representation with the aim to provide objective recommendations for recording strategies. Besides operational functionalities and technical parameters such as measurement principles, instruments, and setups further factors such as the targeted application, data, physical characteristics of the object, and external influences are considered creating a holistic view on spectral and spatial recording strategies. Through this approach impacting factors on the technologies and generated data are identified. Semantic technologies allow to flexibly store this knowledge in a hierarchical class structure with dependencies, interrelations and description logic statements. Through an inference system the knowledge can be retrieved adapted to individual needs.

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How to optimally record cultural heritage objects? Decision support through connected knowledge.

2017

S Wefers, A Karmacharya, F Boochs, G Heinz

EVA Berlin 2017. Elektronische Medien & Kunst, Kultur und Historie 24. Berliner Veranstaltung der internationalen EVA-Serie Electronic Media and Visual Arts, 2017

Optical recording of material cultural heritage (CH) is a multidisciplinary activity where the understanding of cross-disciplinary semantics is vital for a successful completion. In many cases, a lack of understanding of transdisciplinary semantics slows this process down. The end users who are mostly humanities experts lack the technical knowledge of spatial and spectral recording and could therefore demand more than what is actually required or sufficient for the intended CH application. The negotiations between technical experts and the end users are a tedious process. We present a semantic-based decision support system, COSCHKR, that employs reasoning and recommends optimal recording technology(ies) according to the application requirements of the recorded and processed data. COSCHKR is an ontology-based knowledge model that implies the development of semantic technologies within the Semantic Web framework. It represents formalized knowledge of the disciplines involved in the process of optical recording of material CH. The paper describes the applicability of the model in spatial, spectral, and visualization applications and summarises current possibilities and challenges.

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Terrain difficulty as a relevant proxy for objectifying mobility patterns and economic behaviour in the Aurignacian of the Middle Danube region: the case of Stratzing (Austria)

2017

L Moreau, G Heinz, A Cramer, M Brandl, O Schmitsberger, C Neugebauer-Maresch

The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory: Sourcing, Processing and Distribution

This paper addresses the factors that conditioned the choices in lithic resource procurement for tool making at the Late Aurignacian site of Stratzing-Galgenberg (Austria), based on the lithic assemblage from the main area of the site. The raw materials used in the analysed assemblage are varied and partly relate to various local and non-local proveniences. The importance of non-local flint in the assemblage contradicts the distance decay model according to which the amount of a given raw material decreases with the increasing distance from its source. Drawing on the approach developed recently by Lucy Wilson, we examine the predictive ability of “source attractiveness” with respect to terrain difficulty and energy expenditure to understand why some sources were used more than others, using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Our results indicate that terrain difficulty and mobility costs matter and have a better predictive ability than Euclidean distance alone to explain assemblage variability in the Aurignacian of the Middle Danube region.

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How to Enrich Description Logics with Fuzziness

2017

Martin Unold, Christophe Cruz

SAI Computing Conference

The paper describes the relation between fuzzy and non-fuzzy description logics. It gives an overview about current research in these areas and describes the difference between tasks for description logics and fuzzy logics. The paper also deals with the transformation properties of description logics to fuzzy logics and backwards. While the process of transformation from a description logic to a fuzzy logic is a trivial inclusion, the other way of reducing information from fuzzy logic to description logic is a difficult task, that will be topic of future work.

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COSCH - Vier Jahre interdisziplinärer Dialog zum Nutzen des kulturellen Erbes.

2017

S Wefers

KulturBetrieb - Magazin für innovative und wirtschaftliche Lösungen in Museen, Bibliotheken und Archiven

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Digital 3D reconstructed models A proposition for structuring visualisation workflows using semantic technologies for recommendations

2017

Stefanie Wefers, Ashish Karmacharya, Mieke Pfarr-Harfst, Frank BOOCHS

Studies in Digital Heritage

It is common for cultural heritage applications to use spatial and/or spectral data for documentation, analysis and visualisation. Knowledge on data requirements coming from the cultural heritage application and technical alternatives to generate the required data based on object characteristics and other influencings factors paves the way for the optimal selection of a recording technology. It is a collaborative process requiring knowledge of experts from cultural heritage domains and technical domains. Currently, this knowledge is structured and stored in an ontology (so-called COSCHKR). It has the purpose to support CH experts not familiar with technologies through prescribing an optimal spatial or spectral recording strategy adapted to the physical characteristics of the cultural heritage object and the data requirements of the targeted CH application. The creation of digital 3D reconstructed models for analysis and visualisation purposes is getting more and more common within humanities disciplines. Therefore, an implementation of mechanisms involved in visualisation applications into this ontology would have huge benefits in creating a powerful recommendation solution. A structured view on such project workflows facilitates a rough match with the existing knowledge representation. Illustrating the overall structure of COSCHKR, this paper addresses and discusses challenges in structuring the processes of cultural heritage visualisation and implementing these into the ontology.

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book review: M. Maříková, Ch. Zschieschang (Hrsg.), Wassermühlen und Wassernutzung im mittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa. Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Mitteleuropa 50 (Stuttgart 2015)

2017

S Wefers

Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung

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Digital 3D reconstructed models: Using semantic technologies for recommendations in visualization applications

2017

S Wefers, A Karmacharya, M Pfarr-Harfst, F Boochs

Studies in Digital Heritage

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i3mainz - Jahresbericht 2016

2017

F Boochs, Nicole Bruhn

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n.A.

Im Jahresbericht werden die Aktivitäten des i3mainz in komprimierter Form vorgestellt.

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An Interdisciplinary Discussion of the Terminologies used in Cultural Heritage Research

2017

V Moitinho de Almeida, S Wefers, O Murphy

A. Bentkowska-Kafel, L. MacDonald (eds), Digtial Techniques for Documenting and Preserving Cultural Heritage.

Accuracy, Artefact, Feature, Precision, Reconstruction, Resolution, Texture, Uncertainty are words central to many discussions of the documentation of CH. This chapter charts the interdisciplinary discussion towards a common understanding of terminologies used in CH. It is a discussion that recognizes critical differences or common misuse, and aims to contribute to a shared understanding that may be useful for all knowledge domains in the field.

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COMPARISON OF UAS-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY SOFTWARE FOR 3D POINT CLOUD GENERATION: A SURVEY OVER A HISTORICAL SITE.

2017

Alidoost, F, Arefi, H

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences

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Automatic Integration of Spatial Data into the Semantic Web

2017

Claire Prudhomme, Timo Homburg, Jean-Jacques Ponciano, F Boochs, Roxin, Ana, Cruz, Christophe

WebIST 2017

For several years, many researchers tried to semantically integrate geospatial datasets into the semantic web. Although, there are many general means of integrating interconnected relational datasets (e.g. R2RML), importing schema-less relational geospatial data remains a major challenge in the semantic web community. In our project SemGIS we face significant importation challenges of schema-less geodatasets, in various data formats without relations to the semantic web. We therefore developed an automatic process of semantification for aforementioned data using among others the geometry of spatial objects. We combine Natural Language processing with geographic and semantic tools in order to extract semantic information of spatial data into a local ontology linked to existing semantic web resources. For our experiments, we used LinkedGeoData and Geonames ontologies to link semantic spatial information and compared links with DBpedia and Wikidata for other types of information. The aim of our experiments presented in this paper, is to examine the feasibility and limits of an automated integration of spatial data into a semantic knowledge base and to assess its correctness according to different open datasets. Other ways to link these open datasets have been applied and we used the different results for evaluating our automatic approach.

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Wall Paintings in the Château de Germolles: An Interdisciplinary Project for the Rediscovery of a Unique Fourteenth-Century Decoration

2017

Ch Degrigny, F Piqué, M Cucchi, V Detalle, J-Ph Farrugia, G Le Goic, A Mansouri, D Martos-Levif, F Mérienne, A Mounier, A Pamart, C Tedeschi, J-M Vallet, S Wefers

A. Bentkowska-Kafel, L. MacDonald (eds), Digtial Techniques for Documenting and Preserving Cultural Heritage

The aim of this study was to examine and document the wall paintings in the Château de Germolles. Situated in Burgundy, France, Germolles is the best preserved residence of the Dukes of Burgundy and was listed as a monument of national importance in 1989. The medieval wall decoration of the Château de Germolles was rediscovered under the nineteenth-century plasters during World War II. Medieval accounts of the château provide a detailed list of the materials acquired to make the mural decoration, but this list is incongruous when compared with the current appearance of the paintings. The discrepancy between the archival and material evidence, and also the need to understand the complexity of the painting technique used were the main motivations for undertaking the case study described in this chapter. Imaging alongside more traditional examination techniques were utilized to record and document the mural decoration. The objectives of the case study were to distinguish the original materials from those applied during restoration, identify those materials, and correlate them with the archives. We also tried to understand the medieval painting techniques used and assess the condition of the paintings and stabilization requirements. Finally we aimed to find a sustainable solution for the management of the various types of data collected. Various techniques and investigations offered valuable insights into the materials and the painting technique used. To improve visitor experience, based on the information gained in the course of this study, a 3D virtual representation of the original decoration is currently proposed for display to the public visiting the Château de Germolles.

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Ontology-Based Structuring of Spectral and Spatial Recording Strategies for Cultural Heritage Assets: Background, State of Affairs, and Future Perspectives

2017

A Karmacharya, S Wefers

A. Bentkowska-Kafel, L. MacDonald (eds), Digtial Techniques for Documenting and Preserving Cultural Heritage

The activities of COSCH community and the disciplines it represents were as diverse as they could possibly be in research into cultural heritage. To achieve common goals it was of utmost importance to have a common understanding of these diverse activities and disciplines. Work on the COSCH Knowledge Representation, or COSCHKR, was undertaken to develop a common semantic base representing different disciplines and to facilitate communication within the Action. The COSCHKR is an ontology-based inference model, guided by inference rules that provide a semantic bridge between various interdisciplinary activities involved in non-invasive technical documentation of material cultural heritage. The model is intended to support humanities experts by recommending optimal spatial and spectral techniques. The model may also be used by technology experts to compare their own solutions with the ones recommended through COSCHKR, and to understand why they may differ. In this chapter we present the methods adopted for designing the COSCHKR and the steps in the development of the inference model. The difficulties in maintaining a common level of understanding within the diverse disciplines during the knowledge acquisition process are discussed. We present mechanisms and methods of information collection, its structuring, and aligning, to formulate different axioms and theorems within the model. The design and development of COSCHKR was based on an iterative procedure where the gathered knowledge was first verified with the group of experts before it was processed. This verification mechanism was important for the reliability of the model, ensuring technical consistency. This chapter highlights the importance of these iterative mechanisms in the validation of knowledge gathered and then information populated inside the knowledge base.

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Knowledge-based object recognition in point clouds and image data sets

2017

Jean-Jacques Ponciano, Frank BOOCHS, Alain Trémeau

gis.Science

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Genauigkeitsabschätzung von Bündelblockausgleichungen mit Hilfe des EMVA1288 Standards

2017

Waldemar Kisser, Frank BOOCHS, Dietrich PAULUS

gis.Science Zeitschrift für Geoinformatik

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die a priori Abschätzung erreichbarer Genauigkeiten der Bündelblockausgleichung. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe des EMVA1288 Standards. Durch numerische Simulationen wird hierzu zunächst die Zentrumsunsicherheit der Zielmarken mit der daraus folgenden Objektraum-Unsicherheit verknüpft. Der nächste Schritt ist eine Verknüpfung der EMVA1288-Kennzahlen und der daraus resultierenden Unsicherheit eines Grauwertes mit Algorithmen zur Ellipsendetektion. Abschließend wird ein stochastisches Modell vorgeschlagen und an einer real durchgeführten Kamerakalibrierung untersucht.

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Katastrophenmanagement: Die geflutete Stadt

2017

Claire Prudhomme

n.A.

2016

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SIVT - Processing, Viewing, and Analysis of 3D Scans of the Porthole Slab and Slab B2 of Züschen I

2016

S Wefers, T Reich, B Tietz, F Boochs

CAA2015 - Keep the Revolution Going. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology.

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Produktion und Technik

2016

S Wefers, J Drauschke, F Daim

Byzanz. Historisch-kulturwissenschaftliches Handbuch.

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CAPTURE AND ANALYSIS OF SENSOR DATA FOR ASTHMA PATIENTS

2016

N Bock, Scholz, M., Piller, G., K Böhm

ECIS2016

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Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine. 39./40./41. Grabungsbericht

2016

S Wefers, S Seidlmayer, J Drauschke, F Arnold, C von Pilgrim, P Kopp

Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo

From autumn 2010 to spring 2013 the German Archaeological Institute and the Swiss Institute for Architectural and Archaeological Research on Ancient Egypt continued the investigation of the city and temples of Elephantine (Aswan). The preliminary report presents the results of some of the projects conducted during this period. As part of the ongoing rehabilitation work at the museum buildings located on the island of Elephantine, excavations were conducted near the northeastern limit of the ancient town. Among the earliest remains found in the area is a well preserved section of the city wall of the late 2nd dynasty. Outside the perimeter of this wall Nile sediments dating to the Old Kingdom were identified, as well as settlement remains of the 6th to 12th dynasties. Several pottery kilns of the early Middle Kingdom were discovered here. A later city wall appears to have been constructed during the reign of Senwosret III and it seems to have existed until the early New Kingdom. The documentation and study of the relief blocks originating from the Khnum temple of the New Kingdom was continued. Many of the blocks can be attributed to the temple house, the courtyard and the first pylon built by Thutmosis III, as well as to the festival courtyard which was added by Amenophis II. Some of the blocks appear to originate from other, so far unknown buildings of the temple complex, including a cult building of Thutmosis I and II, a barque station of Hatshepsut and a construction of Thutmosis IV. The aim of another project has been the investigation of workshop areas of the Late Antique Period. During the excavation of a house dating to the 5th–9th centuries AD, evidence for the baking of bread, the keeping of animals and the production of granodiorite bowls has been found. Nearby an oven used for smelting non-ferrous metal was identified. Fragments of melting pots, casting molds and slag provide information on the production process.

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Ein Industrieviertel im Zentrum von Ephesos - die Wassermühlen im Hanghaus 2

2016

S Wefers

Drittes Wissenschaftliches Netzwerk der Abteilung Istanbul des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts

Die luxuriös ausgestatteten Wohneinheiten des am Nordhang des Bülbüldağ gelegenen Hanghauses 2 wurden im 3. Viertel des 3. Jhs. durch eine schwere Erdbebenserie zerstört. Statt die Wohnungen wiederaufzubauen, wurden bereits kurze Zeit nach der verheerenden Katastrophe mit Wasserkraft angetriebene Mühlen eingerichtet. Im Befund sind insgesamt acht Wasserradgerinne mit jeweils einer zugehörigen Mühlstube bzw. Werkstatt erhalten. Sie lassen sich drei Bauphasen zuordnen, die in das 4., 5./6. und Ende des 6./Anfang des 7. Jahrhunderts datieren. In der am besten erhaltenen Phase sind insgesamt fünf Räder hintereinandergeschaltet. Neben einer Steinsäge wurden vier Mahlgänge zur Mehlproduktion angetrieben. Eine große Personenanzahl konnte so mit dem wichtigsten Grundnahrungsmittel versorgt werden. Die Mühlenanlage wird in den städtischen Kontext von Ephesos gesetzt und mit anderen Mühlenanlagen verglichen.

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The Labelling System: A Bottom-up Approach for Enriched Vocabularies in the Humanities

2016

Thiery, F., Thomas Engel

43rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA 2015

Shared thesauri of concepts are increasingly used in the process of data modelling and annotating resources in the Semantic Web. This growing family of linked data resources follows a top-down principle. In contrast, the Labeling System follows a bottom-up approach, enabling scientists working in the digital humanities to manage, create and publish their own controlled vocabularies in SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System). The created concepts can then be interlinked with well-known LOD (Linked Open Data) resources, a process named the ‘Labeling Approach’. The Labeling System is domain independent, while uniting perspectives of different scientific disciplines on the same label and therefore contributing to interdisciplinary collaboration for building up cross and inter-domain linked data communities. This paper addresses principles of the Labeling System in the light of archaeological use cases.

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Analyse von Bildresiduen mit Machine-Learning im Kontext von Kamera-Kalibrierungen

2016

Waldemar Kisser, F Boochs, Paulus, D.

Oldenburger 3D Tage 2016

Photogrammetrie ermöglicht es, Objekte mit Hilfe von Digitalbildern zu vermessen. Bei optimalen Messbedingungen sind Unterschiede in der Qualität der abgeleiteten Maße vor allem auf die mathematische Modellierung des verwendeten Sensors und der Linse zurückzuführen. Kalibrierungen erfolgen meist mittels Bündelblockausgleichung, die es gestattet, daraus vielerlei statistische Kennzahlen abzuleiten. Eine tiefergehende Analyse der berechneten Parameter, Standardabweichungen, Korrelationen und deren Verteilungen kann Aufschluss geben, ob das verwendete Kalibriermodell Schwächen aufweist. Solche Defizite können sich durch systematische Restfehler im Bild- oder Objektraum äußern. Da solche Restfehler zu Ungenauigkeiten in den daraus abgeleiteten Informationen führen können, ist deren mathematischer Nachweis und anschließende Kompensation zur Erzielung höchster Genauigkeiten unausweichlich. Neueste Ansätze nutzen Korrekturterme, um solche Systematiken schon während der Bündelblockausgleichung zu modellieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt, wie auch Machine-Learning Techniken dabei helfen können, verbliebene systematische Abweichungen in Bildresiduen nachzuweisen, ohne dass hierzu ein Eingriff in die Bündelblockausgleichung notwendig ist. Dies wird im ersten Schritt anhand von Beispieldaten erläutert. Im zweiten Schritt wird die Wirkung dieser Vorgehensweise an einer realen Kamerakalibrierung verdeutlicht. Abschließend erfolgt eine Diskussion der im Zuge dieser Arbeit erzielten Resultate und möglicher Eignung dieses Verfahrens in der Praxis.

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3D Survey and Documentation of an Early Iron Age Burial from Otzing, near Deggendorf in Lower Bavaria

2016

T Reich, Robert Schumann

COSCH e-Bulletin 3-2016

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KNOWLEDGE BASED 3D BUILDING MODEL RECOGNITION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FROM LIDAR AND AERIAL IMAGERIES.

2016

Alidoost, F, Arefi, H

International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences

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Bridging the Gap between Surveyors and the Geo-Spatial Societ

2016

H Müller

Int. Arch. Photo- gramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B4, 683- 686

For many years FIG, the International Association of Surveyors, has been trying to bridge the gap between surveyors and the geospatial society as a whole, with the geospatial industries in particular. Traditionally the surveying profession contributed to the good of society by creating and maintaining highly precise and accurate geospatial data bases, based on an in-depth knowledge of spatial reference frameworks. Furthermore in many countries surveyors may be entitled to make decisions about land divisions and boundaries. By managing information spatially surveyors today develop into the role of geo-data managers, the longer the more. Job assignments in this context include data entry management, data and process quality management, design of formal and informal systems, information management, consultancy, land management, all that in close cooperation with many different stakeholders. Future tasks will include the integration of geospatial information into e-government and e-commerce systems. The list of professional tasks underpins the capabilities of surveyors to contribute to a high quality geospatial data and information management. In that way modern surveyors support the needs of a geo-spatial society. The paper discusses several approaches to define the role of the surveyor within the modern geospatial society.

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UAV photogrammetry and 3D analyses of CH sites. The millstone quarry district of Mayen (DE) as a case study

2016

S Wefers, P Atorf, Klonowski, J.

W. Börner, S. Uhlirz (eds), Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies 2015 (CHNT 20, 2015)

Application and analysis capabilities of 3D data sets generated through UAV photogrammetry are presented on the basis of an exemplary millstone quarry of the so-called Mayen quarry district (Germany). In general, millstone quarries are technical cultural heritage sites which give evidence for economic interpretations as they are of interest for the reconstruction of ancient procurement patterns. Particularly those quarries which had a high economic impact cover large areas with often arduous accessibility. Therefore, photogrammetric recording using a UAV is the best approach for fast and inexpensive high-quality documentation. The images are used to create a 3D data set and orthophoto. For analysis and interpretation the Spatial Image analysis and Visualisation Tool (SIVT) of i3mainz is used allowing a variety of interactive visualization functionalities. The 3D data are transformed into 2.5D data enabling segmentation of spatial information and volume calculations. Both functionalities support the cultural heritage expert's research: On the one hand the interactive segmentation allows producing a map of the quarry displaying only those parts associated with the extraction. On the other hand the output of the quarry including debris and millstone blanks can be calculated easily. All in all, the entire workflow beginning with data capture using a UAV followed by data processing, (2.5D / 3D) data analyses and visualisation of the results is presented.

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3D building reconstruction using dense photogrammetric point cloud

2016

Malihi, S, Valadan Zoej, MJ, Hahn, M, Mokhtarzade, M, Arefi, H

Proceedings of the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

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Systemarchitektur eines mobilen Empfehlungssystems mit Echtzeitanalysen von Sensordaten für Asthmatiker

2016

N Bock, Scholz, M., Piller, G., K Böhm, H Müller, Fenchel, D., T Sehlinger, van Wickeren, M., Wiegers, W.

Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik (MKWI)

Das Projekt ActOnAir verfolgt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Erfassung, Kombination und Analyse persönlicher Belastungsinformationen und feinmaschiger Umweltdaten für Asthmatiker. Individuelle Handlungsalternativen werden identifiziert, bewertet und überwacht. Dieser Beitrag stellt Gestaltungsziele und Kernanforderungen für die zu entwickelnden Softwarekomponenten vor und beschreibt eine hierzu passende Systemarchitektur sowie deren prototypische Umsetzung.

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Interlinking Heterogenous Spatial Data Using an INSPIRE Ontology

2016

Timo Homburg, F. Würriehausen, H Müller

INSPIRE Conference 2016, Barcelona

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