<div>The digitalisation of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is gaining much attention especially through Building Information Modeling (BIM). While the use of IT-supported planning and construction processes is required for new building projects, the creation of BIM-valid data for existing buildings is currently inefficient. Academic and industry are spending a lot of effort into research for flexible methods to measure as-built conditions. The automated processing of the resulting 3D point cloud into BIM-valid 3D CAD models using intelligent software approaches is another major research.</div><div>This paper presents an overview of data acquisition techniques and 3D point cloud processing approaches regarding BIM for existing buildings, while identifying challenges and looking ahead for future research. To optimise decision making with respect to socially relevant issues, BIM as an instrument can revolutionise the AEC industry and provide the database for smart city applications.</div>

<p>Traditionally stone inscriptions or drawings are documented through pictures or rubbings. The latter ones represent an analogue copy of the stone&rsquo;s surface and its features which are reproduced on paper. The disadvantage of this technique is the physical impact to the stone and the contained elements. Images reproduce the surface without contact. However, they might be affected by geometrical distortions and need appropriate lighting conditions to show the signs properly.</p><p>These problems will be avoided by means of non-contact 3D measuring techniques, like fringe projection. Such high resolution 3D techniques provide an exact geometrical copy of the original petroglyph, offering better results in legibility compared to traditional techniques. Moreover, it gives a more objective base for analysis and has less impact on the sometimes sensitive and eroded surfaces. Furthermore 3D data allows more extensive and further possibilities in processing and gives better preconditions for the interpretation.</p><p>However, depending on factors like resolution, scanned surface and degree of overlap between individual scans original 3D datasets may represent large up to really massive volumes of data. An effective use of such datasets can only be realised if they are condensed and prepared in a suitable way. This means reduction of the data volume, minimising any disturbing influence emerging from the spatial shape of the surface and emphasizing relevant information. The corresponding preparation of the data will then be a good base for a interpretation performed by the human science specialist through an adapted visualization. In addition the data should be prepared for high performance presentation to a wider community via the internet.</p><p>Processed digital copies of the Petroglyphs are visualised in order to enable the user to inspect the processed scans of the objects. By inspecting the scans the application provides a mass of functionality for achieving different views into the Petroglyphs and their appearance. This comprises on the one hand a simple 2D viewer for the processed data, and on the other hand a 3D viewer with interactive changeable light positions and water levels as well as a viewer for applying various lookup tables (colour), predefined image filters (convolution) and template matching (matching) regarding individual characters.</p><p>Provided functionality of the 3D viewer is based on features of 3D computer graphics. Surface normal vectors from the grey values of the processed scans and a light direction vector from an interactively changeable light source are computed. In addition shading is complemented by water filling, whereby the gray values are limited by the water level selected. Individual modifications are possible to improve the subjective impression by the user, trying to support him in his process of interpretation. Interactive changes of the light source directly affect the shading of the surface and provide a better idea of the 3D surface of the inscription board. Dynamic virtual water filling enables the user to obtain an even better impression of the depth of the individual characters and emphasise weathered characters.</p><p>The paper will explain the developed techniques and document its potential at selected data sets.</p>

<p>Personalized information and forecasts of environmentally triggered medical symptoms are becoming more and more critical, since the numbers of patients suffering from environmentally induced symptoms is still increasing (e.g. allergy or asthma patients). This project aimed at developing a solution to enable gathering personalized pollen exposure information and mapping this information with geospatial data from the personal habitat. This enables personal forecasts based on geospatial information and, when distributed to other suffering individuals, gives them the possibility of avoiding harmful environments. Within an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the medical, engineering, and geoinformatics professions, a system was developed to gather, qualify, and quantify aeroallergen particles (pollen), monitor additional climate parameters, and map this information, together with geospatial information, to the daily habitat of a single individual.</p>

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<p>Das Institut ist als wissenschaftliche Einrichtung der Lehreinheit Geoinformatik und&nbsp;<span style="line-height: 1.538em;">Vermessung der Fachhochschule Mainz mit der Wahrnehmung von Aufgaben im Bereich&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.538em;">der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung sowie des Technologietransfers im&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.538em;">fachlichen Umfeld der Geoinformatik und Vermessung beauftragt. Der größte Teil der&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.538em;">Projekte befasst sich mit der Gewinnung, Verarbeitung und Visualisierung&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 1.538em;">raumbezogener Daten verschiedenartigster Objekte.</span></p>

<p>Beim Namen Google wird man schnell hellhörig. Nicht zuletzt die umfangreichen Investitionen dieser Weltfirma in Geotechnologie und Geodaten und deren freie oder kostengünstige Bereitstellung haben zu einem Boom an neuartigen, geobasierenden Web-Anwendungen geführt. Das neue Schlagwort lautet Neogeography. Gemeint sind kreative Mashups mit Geodiensten, die von einer schnell wachsenden Nutzergemeinde erstellt werden. Diese besteht aber zum größten Teil nicht unbedingt aus GISProfessionals, sondern aus Autodidakten, die nun auch der Faszination raumbezogener Visualisierungen und Anwendungen erlegen sind. Der Raumbezug wird wieder einmal mehr als eine der universellsten Möglichkeiten zur Integration heterogener Daten und Anwendungen sowie als intuitiver Zugang zu denselben entdeckt. Doch welches Potential oder welche Probleme bestehen bei einer professionellen Nutzung dieser Systeme?</p>

<p>Within this paper we present and discuss the goals and first results of a new collaborative project on mobile navigation using 3d city models called MoNa3D. In addition to the author&rsquo;s institutions (HFT Stuttgart and FH Mainz/University of Bonn) project partners include Navigon, Teleatlas, CPA Geoinformatik, Heidelberg Mobil and Bureau of Surveying Stuttgart. Here we investigate two main challenges for mobile navigation with 3D city models, which include restrictions considerations regarding compression of 3D geometries and smart handling of textures for building facades using new technologies, both resulting from the limited processing power and bandwith of mobile devices on the one hand side and on the other hand side both conceptual design guidelines regarding interoperability through the use of open standards such as the OpenLS (Open Location Services) specifications by the OGC along with setting up a 3D spatial data infrustructure (3D-SDI) based on OGC open web services (OWS), as well as cognitive considerations on how to present route instructions on mobile devices the most efficient way for supporting navigation of pedestrians or car drivers. A special focus lays on evaluation the proper use of 3D landmarks within 2D, 2,5D and 3D scences on mobile devices, as well as aspects such as personalization and context awareness, which are all important issues of emergening ubiquitous GI Services (UbiGIS).</p>