<p>It is common for cultural heritage applications to use spatial and/or spectral data for documentation, analysis and visualisation. Knowledge on data requirements coming from the cultural heritage application and technical alternatives to generate the required data based on object characteristics and other influencings factors paves the way for the optimal selection of a recording technology. It is a collaborative process requiring knowledge of experts from cultural heritage domains and technical domains. Currently, this knowledge is structured and stored in an ontology (so-called COSCHKR). It has the purpose to support CH experts not familiar with technologies through prescribing an optimal spatial or spectral recording strategy adapted to the physical characteristics of the cultural heritage object and the data requirements of the targeted CH application. The creation of digital 3D reconstructed models for analysis and visualisation purposes is getting more and more common within humanities disciplines. Therefore, an implementation of mechanisms involved in visualisation applications into this ontology would have huge benefits in creating a powerful recommendation solution. A structured view on such project workflows facilitates a rough match with the existing knowledge representation. Illustrating the overall structure of COSCHKR, this paper addresses and discusses challenges in structuring the processes of cultural heritage visualisation and implementing these into the ontology.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to examine and document the wall paintings in the Château de Germolles. Situated in Burgundy, France, Germolles is the best preserved residence of the Dukes of Burgundy and was listed as a monument of national importance in 1989.<br />The medieval wall decoration of the Château de Germolles was rediscovered under the nineteenth-century plasters during World War II. Medieval accounts of the château provide a detailed list of the materials acquired to make the mural decoration, but this list is incongruous when compared with the current appearance of the paintings. The discrepancy between the archival and material evidence, and also the need to understand the complexity of the painting technique used were the main motivations for undertaking the case study described in this chapter. Imaging alongside more traditional examination techniques were utilized to record and document the mural decoration. The objectives of the case study were to distinguish the original materials from those applied during restoration, identify those materials, and correlate them with the archives. We also tried to understand the medieval painting techniques used and assess the condition of the paintings and stabilization requirements. Finally we aimed to find a sustainable solution for the management of the various types of data collected. Various techniques and investigations offered valuable insights into the materials and the painting technique used. To improve visitor experience, based on the information gained in the course of this study, a 3D virtual representation of the original decoration is currently proposed for display to the public visiting the Château de Germolles.</p>

<p>Die luxuriös ausgestatteten Wohneinheiten des am Nordhang des Bülbüldağ gelegenen Hanghauses 2 wurden im 3. Viertel des 3. Jhs. durch eine schwere Erdbebenserie zerstört. Statt die Wohnungen wiederaufzubauen, wurden bereits kurze Zeit nach der verheerenden Katastrophe mit Wasserkraft angetriebene Mühlen eingerichtet. Im Befund sind insgesamt acht Wasserradgerinne mit jeweils einer zugehörigen Mühlstube bzw. Werkstatt erhalten. Sie lassen sich drei Bauphasen zuordnen, die in das 4., 5./6. und Ende des 6./Anfang des 7. Jahrhunderts datieren. In der am besten erhaltenen Phase sind insgesamt fünf Räder hintereinandergeschaltet. Neben einer Steinsäge wurden vier Mahlgänge zur Mehlproduktion angetrieben. Eine große Personenanzahl konnte so mit dem wichtigsten Grundnahrungsmittel versorgt werden. Die Mühlenanlage wird in den städtischen Kontext von Ephesos gesetzt und mit anderen Mühlenanlagen verglichen.</p>

<p>The Château de Germolles is one of the rare palaces in France dating from the 14 th century. The noble floor is decorated with wall paintings that are a unique example of courtly love spirit that infused the princely courts of the time. After being concealed sometime in the 19 th century, the paintings were rediscovered and uncovered in the middle of the 20 th century and partly restored at the end of the 1990s. No scientific documentation accompanied these interventions and important questions, such as the level of authenticity of the mural decorations and the original painting technique(s) used in the medieval times remained unanswered. The combined scientific and financial supports of COSCH COST Action and DRAC-Burgundy enabled to study Germolles&#39; wall paintings using some of the most innovative imaging and analytical techniques and to address some of the questions raised. The study provided significant information on the material used in the medieval times and on the conservation condition of the paintings. The data collected is vast and varied and exposed the owners of the property to the challenges of data management.</p>

<p>Traditionally stone inscriptions or drawings are documented through pictures or rubbings. The latter ones represent an analogue copy of the stone&rsquo;s surface and its features which are reproduced on paper. The disadvantage of this technique is the physical impact to the stone and the contained elements. Images reproduce the surface without contact. However, they might be affected by geometrical distortions and need appropriate lighting conditions to show the signs properly.</p><p>These problems will be avoided by means of non-contact 3D measuring techniques, like fringe projection. Such high resolution 3D techniques provide an exact geometrical copy of the original petroglyph, offering better results in legibility compared to traditional techniques. Moreover, it gives a more objective base for analysis and has less impact on the sometimes sensitive and eroded surfaces. Furthermore 3D data allows more extensive and further possibilities in processing and gives better preconditions for the interpretation.</p><p>However, depending on factors like resolution, scanned surface and degree of overlap between individual scans original 3D datasets may represent large up to really massive volumes of data. An effective use of such datasets can only be realised if they are condensed and prepared in a suitable way. This means reduction of the data volume, minimising any disturbing influence emerging from the spatial shape of the surface and emphasizing relevant information. The corresponding preparation of the data will then be a good base for a interpretation performed by the human science specialist through an adapted visualization. In addition the data should be prepared for high performance presentation to a wider community via the internet.</p><p>Processed digital copies of the Petroglyphs are visualised in order to enable the user to inspect the processed scans of the objects. By inspecting the scans the application provides a mass of functionality for achieving different views into the Petroglyphs and their appearance. This comprises on the one hand a simple 2D viewer for the processed data, and on the other hand a 3D viewer with interactive changeable light positions and water levels as well as a viewer for applying various lookup tables (colour), predefined image filters (convolution) and template matching (matching) regarding individual characters.</p><p>Provided functionality of the 3D viewer is based on features of 3D computer graphics. Surface normal vectors from the grey values of the processed scans and a light direction vector from an interactively changeable light source are computed. In addition shading is complemented by water filling, whereby the gray values are limited by the water level selected. Individual modifications are possible to improve the subjective impression by the user, trying to support him in his process of interpretation. Interactive changes of the light source directly affect the shading of the surface and provide a better idea of the 3D surface of the inscription board. Dynamic virtual water filling enables the user to obtain an even better impression of the depth of the individual characters and emphasise weathered characters.</p><p>The paper will explain the developed techniques and document its potential at selected data sets.</p>

<p>Personalized information and forecasts of environmentally triggered medical symptoms are becoming more and more critical, since the numbers of patients suffering from environmentally induced symptoms is still increasing (e.g. allergy or asthma patients). This project aimed at developing a solution to enable gathering personalized pollen exposure information and mapping this information with geospatial data from the personal habitat. This enables personal forecasts based on geospatial information and, when distributed to other suffering individuals, gives them the possibility of avoiding harmful environments. Within an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the medical, engineering, and geoinformatics professions, a system was developed to gather, qualify, and quantify aeroallergen particles (pollen), monitor additional climate parameters, and map this information, together with geospatial information, to the daily habitat of a single individual.</p>

<p>The paper presents different forms of documentation of a Late Antique and Early Byzantine water-powered workshop and milling complex in what is commonly known as Terrace House 2 in Ephesos, Turkey. The entire complex was documented by means of 3D laser scanning in 2009 and 2010. Geometrical data were processed and used in the form of a point cloud in the archaeological analysis. Narrow parts, complex structures, and small rooms of the well-preserved feature were surveyed efficiently using a 3D laser scanner. Additionally, panoramic images were captured. They offered the possibility to colour the point cloud, thus helping to identify and understand the feature better in the model. The developed consistent 3D point cloud of the entire feature provided the spatial data for analyses, reconstructions and technical drawings, such as ground plots and sectional views for publications.<br />In order to address specific questions, e.g. to determine the course of the chute, or the size and position of the water-wheels, it was essential to be able to work with complete geometric data. For that purpose the data were exported from original files, using a free software plugin, and made usable in an internet browser. The interface is easy to operate and allows measurement and marking of 3D distances and coordinates of single points, within one scanner position. These can be saved and exchanged. In addition, using this technique a selection of the 3D data will be made available to the general user.</p><p><a href="http://www.cosch.info/publications/bulletin-1-2014">http://www.cosch.info/publications/bulletin-1-2014</a></p>

<div class="abstract"><p>In diesem Beitrag soll ein System vorstellt werden, welches eine einfache und flexible Visualisierung von geostatistischen Analysen ermöglicht.&nbsp;Beispielhaft soll die Anwendung &nbsp;anhand von &bdquo;Personalized&nbsp;Pollen&nbsp;Profiling&ldquo; Daten dargestellt werden. Die Daten repräsentieren Informationen zu Pollen,&nbsp;welche durch ein Gerät,&nbsp;welches der Patient am Körper trägt,&nbsp;aufgenommen werden. Diese werden&nbsp;anschließend&nbsp;automatisch klassifiziert und können anhand der Metainformation&nbsp;des Gerätes räumlich zugeordnet werden. Die so gewonnenen Messwerte sollen dann geostatistisch visualisiert werden.</p><p>Für das Bereitstellen der&nbsp;unterschiedlichen&nbsp;digitalen&nbsp;Kartenlayer&nbsp;wird&nbsp;ein Web Mapping Service (WMS) verwendet. Die geostatistischen Analysen&nbsp;werden&nbsp;allerdings über Web Processing Services&nbsp;zur Verfügung gestellt.&nbsp;Dafür&nbsp;wird ein System vorgestellt, welches eine hohe Flexibilität hinsichtlich&nbsp;seiner bereitstehenden Services (Cascading/Nested&nbsp;WPS) bietet und in einen WMS-Request Workflow&nbsp;integriert werden kann.&nbsp;Zudem wird der WPS nicht vom Client direkt angefragt, sondern das Ergebnis über den WMS zur Verfügung gestellt.&nbsp;Somit lässt sich&nbsp;das Ergebnis auch über eine&nbsp;Style-Definition manipulieren.&nbsp;Auch&nbsp;vereinfachen die klassischen WMS-Requests&nbsp;die Client-Entwicklung und verlagern die komplexere WPS-Request-Logik auf den Server.</p><p>Das System wird im Zuge eines Forschungsprojektes am i3mainz &ndash; Institut für Raumbezogene Informations- und Messtechnik entwickelt und baut vollständig auf freier Software auf.</p></div><p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Sowohl die Photogrammetrie als auch das terrestrische Laserscanning eignen sich zur Aufnahme und Dokumentation archäologischer Strukturen. Da sich ihre charakteristischen Eigenschaften komplementär ergänzen, kann durch die simultane Verwendung beider Verfahren und die Verknüpfung der verschiedenartigen Informationen die Datengrundlage für das zu dokumentierende Objekt erweitert werden. Die hierzu notwendigen Arbeitsschritte sowie Beispiele für die gemeinsame Datennutzung sollen in diesem Beitrag thematisiert werden.</p>

<p>We present an attempt to establish the role of a PDA during emergency evacuation from indoor settings. We attempt to present a methodology for establishing a framework of information visualization for specific needs; evacuation conditions in this paper. A general classification of landmarks is presented first. This is followed by an attempt to give a holistic range of visualization possibilities. A user test was conducted to corroborate some of the postulates we made regarding the ideal depiction for each lass of landmark. The setup and results of this test are described. Our goal is to present an approach that we used for vacuation conditions in indoor settings specifically, but one we believe can be translated for other contexts as well.</p>

<p>Seit geraumer Zeit ist Google nun auf dem Geoinformations-Sektor aktiv. Gerade die 3D-Anwendung Google Earth hat die Faszination von 3D Geodaten für viele Endanwender erst erschlossen und führt damit zu einer Verbreiterung der Basis potentieller GI-Anwender. Die bemerkenswerten und nicht leicht zu kopierenden Investitionen in Technologie und vor allem Geodaten verbunden mit der für viele Fälle freien Nutzbarkeit trugen zu dem Boom an geobasierten Mash-Ups des Web 2.0 bei. Das Schlagwort hierfür lautet Neogeography. Von besonderer Relevanz hierfür erschent die rasant wachsende Nutzergemeinde. Diese besteht aber zum größten Teil nicht unbedingt aus GIS-Professionals, sondern Autodidakten, die nun auch der Faszination raumbezogener Visualisierungen und Anwendungen erlegen sind. Endlich wird von der breiten Masse der Raumbezug als die grundlegende Möglichkeit zur Verknüpfung unterschiedlichster Informationen und Anwendungen entdeckt. Die Karte (in 2D und 3D) wird zum neuen Zugang für das World Wide Web &ndash; dieses damit wirklich zum Spatial Web oder Map-based Web.</p>

<p>Currently we are moving from desktop applications towards the age of ubiquitous cartography. Therefore we have to consider more specialized map functions like thematic cartography. Mobile mapping will not only be limited to navigation systems or typical LBS functions. There are more specialized map functions like thematic mapping that are interesting and will be important in future web-based applications. Therefore a standard covering these aspects is needed in order to allow interoperability. As current specifications only allow basic thematic mappings, we hereby propose an extension to a specification that is already widely used: The OGC Symbology Encoding (SE) as succesor of the SLD specification.</p>

<p>Landmarks and focus based maps can play a important role within routing by supporting users in route finding and navigation. This paper shows one possible solution for generating focus based maps with landmarks by only using completely OGC-conform web service and standards. The aim is to increase technical interoperability also at this levelof realizations of LBS or navigation services. The techniques for choosing specific landmarks and generating the focus maps are shortly presented and their functionality is explained. The OpenLS core services implemented by ourself and their supporting functions are illustrated. The integration of the landmarks to the route instructions of the OpneLS Route Service happens during the route calculating algorithm without adding extra attributes or new elements to the standardized service interface. The generation of the focus based maps is realzed by our first implementation of an OpenLS Presentation Service. The article ends with an outlook on ideas for future deployment and research. One of these ideas is to extend the generation of focus based 2D maps to a generation of focus based 3D scenes and to integrate the landmarks as 3D models.</p>