Semantische Modellierung

Semantik wird auch als Bedeutungslehre bezeichnet. Es extrahiert Bedeutungen von Wörtern, Sätzen, Phrasen, Symbolen und andere Formen der Information durch die zugrunde liegenden Beziehungen der Komponenten zueinander.

Die Entwicklung des Semantischen Webs hat die semantischen Modellierung in der Informationstechnologie revolutioniert. Semantische Modellierung als wichtige Komponente bei der Verwaltung großer und vielfältiger Datenmengen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Logische Ausdrücke bringen Maschinen dazu den Menschen in der Informationsverarbeitung zu unterstützen. Die Abstraktion der realen Welt kann durch Modelle ausgedrückt definiert werden. Solche semantischen Modelle sind Grundlagen von Semantic Web Anwendungen die unser Institut erarbeitet.

Das semantische Modell definiert Wissen im Hintergrund und schafft somit einen höheren Grad an Interoperabilität von Daten. Neben der Interoperabilität von Inforamtionen erforscht das i3mainz weitere Potentiale um mit Hilfe der Sematik Wissen abzuleiten und dabei neues Wissen zu entdecken. Erfolgreich werden semantische Technologien in verschiedenen Forschungsprojekten umgesetzt.

Ansprechpartner

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Boochs

Tel.: +49 6131-628-1432
Fax.: +49 6131-628-91432

Projekte

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Publikationen

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The Labelling System: A Bottom-up Approach for Enriched Vocabularies in the Humanities

2016

F. Thiery; T. Engel

RTF

43rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA 2015

Shared thesauri of concepts are increasingly used in the process of data modelling and annotating resources in the Semantic Web. This growing family of linked data resources follows a top-down principle. In contrast, the Labeling System follows a bottom-up approach, enabling scientists working in the digital humanities to manage, create and publish their own controlled vocabularies in SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System). The created concepts can then be interlinked with well-known LOD (Linked Open Data) resources, a process named the ‘Labeling Approach’. The Labeling System is domain independent, while uniting perspectives of different scientific disciplines on the same label and therefore contributing to interdisciplinary collaboration for building up cross and inter-domain linked data communities. This paper addresses principles of the Labeling System in the light of archaeological use cases.

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Interpreting Heterogenous Geospatial Data using Semantic Web Technologies

2016

T. Homburg; A. Karmacharya; F. BOOCHS; C. Cruz; A.M. Roxin

RTF

Computational Science and Its Applications -- ICCSA 2016

The paper presents work on implementation of semantic technologies within a geospatial environment to provide a common base for further semantic interpretation. The work adds on the current works in similar areas where priorities are more on spatial data integration. We assert that having a common unified semantic view on heterogeneous datasets provides a dimension that allows us to extend beyond conventional concepts of searchability, reusability, composability and interoperability of digital geospatial data. It provides contextual understanding on geodata that will enhance effective interpretations through possible reasoning capabilities. We highlight this through use cases in disaster management and planned land use that are significantly different. This paper illustrates the work that firstly follows existing Semantic Web standards when dealing with vector geodata and secondly extends current standards when dealing with raster geodata and more advanced geospatial operations.

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Knowledge guided object detection and identification in 3D point clouds

2015

A. Karmacharya; F. BOOCHS

RTF

Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications XIII, 952804

Modern instruments like laser scanner and 3D cameras or image based techniques like structure from motion produce huge point clouds as base for further object analysis. This has considerably changed the way of data compilation away from selective manually guided processes towards automatic and computer supported strategies. However it’s still a long way to achieve the quality and robustness of manual processes as data sets are mostly very complex. Looking at existing strategies 3D data processing for object detections and reconstruction rely heavily on either data driven or model driven approaches. These approaches come with their limitation on depending highly on the nature of data and inability to handle any deviation. Furthermore, the lack of capabilities to integrate other data or information in between the processing steps further exposes their limitations. This restricts the approaches to be executed with strict predefined strategy and does not allow deviations when and if new unexpected situations arise. We propose a solution that induces intelligence in the processing activities through the usage of semantics. The solution binds the objects along with other related knowledge domains to the numerical processing to facilitate the detection of geometries and then uses experts’ inference rules to annotate them. The solution was tested within the prototypical application of the research project “Wissensbasierte Detektion von Objekten in Punktwolken für Anwendungen im Ingenieurbereich (WiDOP)”. The flexibility of the solution is demonstrated through two entirely different USE Case scenarios: Deutsche Bahn (German Railway System) for the outdoor scenarios and Fraport (Frankfort Airport) for the indoor scenarios. Apart from the difference in their environments, they provide different conditions, which the solution needs to consider. While locations of the objects in Fraport were previously known, that of DB were not known at the beginning. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

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Semantic based Structuring of 3D technologies for their optimized use in cultural heritage documentation.

2015

A. Karmacharya; S. Wefers; F. Boochs

RTF

43rd Conference of Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA 2015, Siena, Book of Abstracts.

Constant technological progress results in new possibilities to produce reliable and rich spatial data of cultural heritage objects: for instance, museums have started to digitize their collections, more and more archaeological excavations or features and entire CH buildings have been documented in 3D. It is now necessary to establish connections among different CH disciplines and several technical disciplines, and to work on collaborative projects.

Technicians and CH experts together evaluate the best technique for specific CH object documentation, implementation and use. This discussion arises from the knowledge gaps of each counterpart in respect to the other discipline. Projects such as Agora 3D (see below) clearly demonstrate the need for an evaluation of the different available techniques.

In order to make optimal use of these technological capabilities, it is important to identify and name the information required to best serve the reasoning processes in these application fields. Correspondingly it is necessary to know about the characteristics of digitization techniques producing the content adapted to the needs of the applications. Due to the considerable complexity of instruments and processes producing the data, it is helpful to have a clear structure which relates the capabilities of the instruments to the requirements of the applications.

The COST Action TD1201 “Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage (COSCH)” takes this need into account, aiming to enhance the understanding among these disciplines. We will focus on the already listed, structured and evaluated available 3D technologies. At the same time, experts in spectral and CH research started to list, structure, and evaluate their knowledge. These evaluations yield a structure of technologies, and ultimately the techniques and instruments using their characteristics. The understanding of these characteristics provides insights for their potential applications. The ontology knowledge model accessible through so-called “COSCH^KRApp” provides a knowledge structure. It benefits from the development of semantic technologies from the Semantic Web framework. Semantics, which provide meanings, are captured through the conceptual structure and are defined through the ontology. The overall aim of this ontology is the development of a software tool to enable a better understanding of data acquisition techniques and their support to optimally realize cultural heritage applications.

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Innovative concepts for image based data capture and analysis of huge point clouds

2014

F. Boochs

RTF

n.A.

Results from two sample projects will be presented, showing possibilities to improve quality and precision of data capture and evaluation.

One example explains the potential to improve the absolute positional accuracy of a robot guided effector when applying photogrammetric strategies. Need and aims of such a tracking process are explained, followed by a description of actual solutions and their restrictions. Then the potential of photogrammetric solutions for such purposes are outlined, followed by a detailed description of the system developed. Finally, practical tests are shown, underlining that the design and realization are able to hold the challenging aims and improve the absolute accuracy of a robot by a factor of 20.

In an second example possibilities to evaluate huge data sets are presented. Due to the increasing availability of large unstructured point clouds obtained from laser scanning and/or photogrammetric data, there is a growing demand for automatic processing methods. Given the complexity of the underlying problems, several new methods resort to using semantic knowledge in particular for supporting object detection and classification. A novel approach making use of advanced algorithms is shown, in order to benefit from intelligent knowledge management strategies for the processing of 3D point clouds along with object classification in scanned scenes. In particular, these method extends the use of semantic knowledge to all stages of the processing, including the guidance of the 3D processing algorithms. The complete solution consists in a multi-stage iterative concept based on three factors: the modeled knowledge, the package of algorithms, and the classification engine.

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COSCH knowledge schema – an introduction

2014

F. Boochs

RTF

n.A.

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Sustainable Documentation in Archaeology

2014

F. Ströbele; G. Heinz; L. Zhiyong

PDF / RTF

Sustainable Documentation in Archaeology

A good documentation of archaeological excavations is of high importance due to the destructive characteristic of the process. Developments in technology and concepts allow new, often more effective approaches in the documentation process during excavation. Recording finds and features in their three-dimensional spatial distribution will aid at understanding the entire archaeological context after finishing field-work. Image-based documentation and 3D-scanning are valuable tools for preserving the site as a virtual excavation space on which informed archaeological analysis can be based.

The use of digital tools will result in manifold digital data representations. Especially these datasets must comply with certain specifications, such as formats, descriptions, meta information, etc. to be used in the long term, and thus be sustainable beyond the excavation project itself.

The meeting will deal with technological aspects of documenting the excavation, further archaeological processing, and data archiving.

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Characterisation of Spatial Techniques for Optimised Use in Cultural Heritage Documentation.

2014

S. Wefers; A. Karmacharya; F. Boochs; A.K. Wiemann

RTF

Digital Heritage Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. 5th International Conference, EuroMed 2014 Limassol, Cyprus, November 3-8, 2014 Proceedings

Constant technological progress results in new possibilities to produce reliable and rich spatial data of cultural heritage objects. In order to make optimal use of these capabilities, it is important to identify and name the information required to best serve the reasoning processes in these application fields. Correspondingly it is necessary to know about the characteristics of digitization techniques producing the content adapted to the needs of the applications. Due to the considerable complexity of instruments and processes producing the data, it is helpful to have a clear structure which relates the capabilities of the instruments to the requirements of the applications. This paper addresses this topic and shows a way of structuring spatial techniques as well as how this structure can be related to applications in the field of cultural heritage.

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